Family Structure in the UK Essays -- Social Science, Family Life, Brit

As family structure has changed in the UK, so child care arrangements have become more diverse and complex. What are the implications of these changes for children? Introduction In the last 50 years or so, family life has changed becoming more diverse and complex, which has been the source of research by social scientists especially the effects of divorce on children. Marriage is no longer an institution that couples need to suffer if times are difficult, divorce is easier and cohabitation is more morally acceptable. The ideology of the nuclear family whilst not outdated is not the only type of family in which to raise children. The modern more complex family arrangements include step families, lone parents, step sibling relationships and shared care arrangements, which are the subject of more recent research. For the purpose of this study it will focus on the research relating to divorce and the new arrangements for children. One psychological study reported divorce as pathological; possibly in the early days using moral judgements to imply that ‘divorce is bad for children’. ‘They feel that their childhood has been lost forever. Divorce is a price they pay, as forfeit to their parents’ failures, jeopardizing their future lives’ (Wallerstein and Blakeslee, 1989, p. 43) More modern liberalised studies are comparing the divorced with the non-divorced children, to demonstrate that divorced families may have been labelled wrongly and in some cases may be a positive change. It is this more optimistic viewpoint which this research seeks to promote. Literature review As families are changing; the ideological nuclear family which existed in the past is less common, and attitudes are changing (Kelly 2003, p 237). C... ...hood , 10, 131-146. Pryor, J., & Rodgers, B. (2001). Children in Changing Families Life After Parental Separation. Oxford: Blackwell Publishers Ltd. Simpson, B. (1998). Changing Families: An ethnographic approach to divorce and separation. Oxford: Berg. Smart, C. (2003). Introduction: New Perspectives on Childhood and Divorce. Childhood , 123-129. Smart, C., & May, V. (2007). The Parenting Contest: Problems of Ongoing Conflict over Children. In M. Maclean (Ed.), Parenting after Partnering, containing conflict after separation (pp. 65 - 80). Oxford: Hart Publishing. Trinder, L. (2007). Dangerous Dads and Malicious Mothers: The Relevance of Gender to Contact Disputes. In M. Maclean (Ed.), Parenting after Partnering, containing conflict after separation (pp. 81-94). Oxford: Hart Publishing. Wallerstein, J. S., & Blakeslee, S. (1989). Second Chances. Reading: Corgi.

Blizzards vs Hurricanes

1 2 In 1903 W. E. B. DuBois has said that race was to be the most important issue of the 20th century. This paper examines how the ‘race problem' has unfolded in 20th century America, from the immigrations and United States imperialism to the Ku Klux Klan. The paper looks at what happened to help the issues with race why it took so long for America to pass the Civil Rights Act. Finally, the paper looks at the progress made in America in the latter part of the century. The Civil Rights Act of 1964 banned discrimination that was based on your race, color, religion and even national origin in employment and public accommodations.Then the Voting Rights Act in 1965 that restored and also protected voting rights. In 1965 the Immigration and Nationality Services Act that opened entry to the United States to the immigrants other than just traditional. These acts I believe helped save the United States and solve some of the race and immigrant issues due to Civil War. At the federal leve l , the Civil Rights Act, the Voting Rights Act and the Fair Housing Act were the highest of the political struggle to improve legislation. But long before these milestones, race-specific policy changed rapidly at the state level.It was unfair to the diffusion of anti-discrimination policy that provides the opportunities to be able to study the political economy. Also the effects of the policies before the federal coverage applied a comparatively uniform standard to most places at the same time. In the first two decades were the most intense and some people have said that it was the lowest point for Black Americans since the Civil War ended. The rule of the land was the segregation and separation. This caused issues; African Americans had to ride in separate railroad cars, their own drinking water fountain and most of all the black Americans even had their own court houses and hotels. Can you imagine how the black Americans felt? To make matters seem worse the black Americans even h ad to use their own facilities and were not able to sit in the front bus, only in the back. The whites had much better facilities than the black Americans did. When a black man was accused by a any white person of having an affair with a white woman, a crime or a different kind of charge, they would become lynched. Lynching is known for ‘hanging’ and it became a public event for the white men, women and even the children.The whites would hang the body, torture it and the burn the body. This became such a popular horrifying event, that between 60 to 80 black men were lynched each year from the years of 1905 to 1915. I could not even imagine how the children felt seeing this. From the years 1900-1914, the White Supremacist called KKK known as the Ku Klux Klan, was started by a small group of whites from the south. The KKK were mad at the fact that the African Americans got their freedom and that the war ended but most of all that the south had lost all their slaves. They did not know how to react.Their revenge was to torture and kill the African American’s just because they got freedom and that they are not the south’s slaves anymore . By 1924 there were more than 4 million KKK men in the United States. Griffith To this day the KKK still exists and think the same way they had years ago. There are some people still do believe like the whites did after the Civil War, black Americans have way more freedom now than they ever did. For example black and white’s are now allowed to marry, all can use the same bathrooms, busses and be able to eat in the same restaurants. In my opinion I do not think that all the racial and segregation should have been a problem because we are all the same people just different skin color and some of our beliefs. White people have different beliefs than other white people but they do not hate each other or want to kill them. 5 References http://americanracedescrimination. wordpress. com/2011/01/27/1900-19 14-racism-kkk/ Bowles, Mark. D, American History 1865-Present | End of Isolation http://www. nber. org/reporter/winter06/collins. RACE IN TURN

Performance Management System of Banglalink Essay

The mark an employee receives in his/her evaluation plays a very important role in his/her chances of promotion. Banglalink uses the â€Å"Performance Review† form which is generally termed as â€Å"Adjective Checklist† The Performance Review forms are sent to all the people who act as supervisors of a certain number of employees. The supervisors are instructed to evaluate their subordinates They are specifically instructed to evaluate the â€Å"job performance† of the employee; and not to evaluate the employee himself or herself as a person. The supervisor fills out the form himself During his evaluation, he may consult with the employee if the supervisor has any remarks; he puts them on the form also. After all these are completed, he assigns marks on the rating. The marks are specified on the form. After the supervisor completes his evaluation, his section head reviews the form If he has other thoughts about the person evaluated, he then consults both the supervisor and the subordinate, whose performance was evaluated, and then clarifies the matter. He then gives his own remarks. Then the form is sent to the Departmental Head, who gives the final acknowledgement when he assesses that everything is in order. Thus all the filled out forms are gathered and sent to the Banglalink head-office, where these forms are sorted and arranged Then the top management reviews these forms. They evaluate the markings received. Then they can make a certain judgments on the employee’s abilities and performance The present position of the employee and his current salary along with the marks and recommendations he received are combined to make a matrix With this matrix, the employee’s increment is calculated. [pic] Appraisal Feedback After the evaluation has been done, the top management makes their decisions nd forms future plans Where the evaluation results are not satisfactory, the top management asks for more information After getting the information, they sit with the Departmental Head of the employee under scrutiny and then they proceed to assess the situation. Later they discuss the situation with the rater and the employee he rated and then they make their decision. When the evaluation results are positive and the top management has made their decisions about the employee’s increments or promotion, the employees are given the information in an informal manner. Thus, they are assured of the assessment that has been made of them. In this way they are kept motivated. 3. Research Methodology Type of Research The project falls in the category of exploratory and descriptive research, i. e, a research designed to evaluate the Performance Appraisal of Banglalink. This applies to the research part. Prior to that, the organizational part is helpful for the clear understanding of the existing position of Banglalink and also serves the purpose of the exploratory. Besides, a limited scale of causal research has been also included to examine the cause and effect relationship among variables. Basic Research Method The basic research method in this theoretical Knowledge, field survey and practical orientation. In that the annual report and websites were the major source of secondary data. Besides, the discussion with the concerned managers/employees (Primary data) yielded the additional information to fill up the gaps and helped in clear understanding. Sources and Method of data collection To carry out the research study, data has been collected both from primary and secondary sources Primary Data Primary data have been collected as follows Structured Questionnaire Keeping the problem statement in view, a number of questions in the form of checklist had been formulated. The checklist had been the main tool for relevant question to the primary data sources to formulated the operational definition of the problem statement and precisely find out the area of study. Questionnaire were developed incorporating mixed type of questions. One type of questionnaire for the managers at Banglalink and the other type is for employees. Some questions were common for all while some questions were exclusive for either group. Questionnaires were designed in such a way so that all-important elements of the performance appraisal system can be covered by it. After questionnaire formulation, an exhaustive and deliberate discussion was conducted and necessary adjustments were made. Pretest for screening of the questionnaire has been carried out. After pretest, the final questionnaire has been prepared.

Difference between Eastern and Western Philosophy Essay

The history of philosophy is full of dichotomies.   Concepts such as empiricism vs. rationalism, permanence vs. change, appearance vs. reality, monism vs. dualism, and the problem of the One vs. the Many, all have become part of the history of philosophy.   The same is true for Eastern and Western Philosophy.   While at certain points these two philosophies converge, the dichotomy between the two philosophies is not merely geographical but substantial as well. Eastern Philosophy is the philosophy found in the Asian continent which includes Indian Philosophy such as Hinduism, Chinese Philosophy such as Buddhism, Taoism, and Confucianism, Japanese Philosophy, such as Zen Buddhism and Iranian Philosophy such as Zoroastrianism.   On the other hand, Western Philosophy is the philosophy found in the Western countries which is classified according to era beginning with Greek Philosophy, Medieval Philosophy, Renaissance Philosophy and Modern Philosophy. Both philosophies also differ in their concept of Religion.   In Eastern Philosophy, their religion is integrated with their philosophy and is considered as their way of life.   For instance, Buddhism is not only a school of philosophic thought but is also a religion for Chinese.   On the other hand, in Western philosophy religion is either opposed or considered separate from their philosophy.   For instance, doing the right thing is a desired end not because of religion but because it is considered as the ultimate good for man. Both philosophies also differ in how they see the relationship between God and the physical universe.   Eastern philosophy considers God as one with the physical reality. (Tony Page 1)   For instance, Buddhism sees God as present everywhere and can be found in trees, soil, or even water.   On the other hand, God is either disavowed by atheist philosophers or considered distinct and separate from the universe.   Cited Works Page, Tony.   â€Å"God in Buddhism: Is there One?†Ã‚   Hollisticshop.co.uk.   2005.   January 2, 2009.     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  

The strong earthquakes happened in Sichuan province, how it influence Essay

The strong earthquakes happened in Sichuan province, how it influence local people - Essay Example It is of great concern that the Sichuan locals and the surrounding inhabitants from the towns like Yunnan and Huizhou were affected in a great extent by the destructive Wenchuan earthquake. It is an understatement to state that the earthquake only disrupted their proper livelihoods. It did more than damage and left the consequences exposed to the surviving population who are bearing the brunt. The Sichuan local authorities will be contacted for their authorization guidance and assistance of the research because of their strong connection and language advantage with the locals. The research will involve interviewing all classes from the upper class and lower class to give their experience from the earthquake and how it has impacted their lives whether positively or negatively. Wang, Li, Yuqing Zhang, Wenzhong Wang, Zhanbiao Shi, Jianhua Shen, Ming Li, and Yong Xin. "Symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder among adult survivors three months after the Sichuan earthquake in China." Journal of traumatic stress 22, no. 5 (2009):

A Framework for Effective Communication Skills Research Paper

A Framework for Effective Communication Skills - Research Paper Example The framework focuses upon the five ‘Is’ such as interaction with the patient, developing the intention of the interaction, planning upon the kinds of intervention techniques used, evaluating the impact of such sorts of intervention and assessing the implication of the information that has been gathered and thus taking actions accordingly (Hamilton & Martin, 2007). The article tries to focus upon the fact that it is significant for the nurses to communicate with the patients by making use of diverse skills in order to ensure the patients that the health care practitioners are there to help the patients both psychologically and physically taking into account the patient’s state of health. The article also tries to identify that the patients must be given chance to express their fears, worries, anxiety, and concerns if any so that the healthcare professionals are able to identify the root cause of the problems prevailing with the patient (Hamilton & Martin, 2007). It is significant for the nurses to identify that providing the patients with information needs to be goal-directed activity. The intentions behind the interaction with the patients need to be identified. If such intentions can be identified by the practitioners then they will be capable of evaluating the efficiency of their contact with the patient.  

The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The Dopamine Hypothesis of Schizophrenia - Essay Example Besides, several hypothesis are also proposed to explain the etiology of schizophrenia. Freud and Bleuler believed that schizophrenia was caused by a biologic abnormality. In the mid twenties it was believed that schizophrenia was caused by disturbances of child-rearing. A few of the researchers believed the cause of schizophrenia to be a communication deviance between the parents and the schizophrenic child. Twin studies points at the genetic links of schizophrenia. Studies have found a concordance rate of 40% in monozygotic twins and a 15% concordance in dizygotic twins. Another breakthrough that reinforced the biologic bases of schizophrenia is the discovery of the first antipsychotic medication - Chlorpromazine in the 1950's. This has enabled many people with schizophrenia to live a better life. Psychosocial stressors influence relapse and possibly determine the timing of the first episode and may even determine whether the disorder will occur or not. It seems more and more likely that a specific set of biological predispositions is necessary (even if not sufficien t) for the disease to occur. Although the exact cause of schizophrenia is still unknown the disease seems to be partly related to increased dopamine activity in certain neuronal tracts. The dopamine hypothesis is the most widely accepted hypothesis in the development of schizophrenia. The original dopamine hypothesis proposed a hyperactivity of dopamine transmission in the limbic brain areas, especially the nucleus accumbens, but also in the stria terminalis, lateral septum, and olfactory tubercle that is responsible for the symptoms of schizophrenia. There is some consensus among researchers that over activity of dopamine systems in the mesolimbic pathway may contribute to the 'positive symptoms' of schizophrenia, whereas problems with dopamine function in the mesocortical pathway may be responsible for the 'negative symptoms'. Evidence to support this hypothesis comes from the fact that most antipsychotics that are successful in treating schizophrenia are dopamine receptor antagonists. In addition, researchers also found that drugs that increase dopamine activity such as cocaine and amphetamines can lead to schizophrenic-like symptoms. This paper mainly focuses on the relevance or irrelevance of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. Evidence in favor of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia There are two main points in favor of the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia. The first one comes from evidence that most antipsychotics that are successful in treating schizophrenia are dopamine receptor antagonists. The second evidence comes from the fact that, dugs that increase dopamine activity like cocaine and amphetamines can lead to schizophrenic-like symptoms. Evidence for the dopamine hypothesis of schizophrenia is partly based on the observed effects of drugs such as amphetamine and cocaine. Both of these drugs increase levels of dopamine in the brain and can cause psychosis, especially after large doses or prolonged use. Amphetamine psychosis and cocaine psychosis may produce symptoms that are indistinguishable from the positive symptoms associated with schizophrenia. A review by Lieberman and colleagues demonstrated that up to 75% of patients with schizophrenia have exacerbated the signs and symptoms of their psychosis when given moderate doses of methylphenidate, amphetamine or other dopamine-like